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Banner image:听A sign welcomes students to the Newcomer Center at Thornton High School in Colorado. (Credit: School of Education)

Adria Padilla-Chavez鈥檚 classroom at Thornton High School in the Denver suburbs reveals, in many ways, the changing face of Colorado and many other parts of the country.

Padilla-Chavez, a doctoral student in the School of Education at CU Boulder, teaches in the Adams 12 Five Star Schools鈥� Newcomer Center, which launched in fall 2023. It鈥檚 a one-year program for students who have just arrived in the United States.

Here, international flags line the classroom walls, and signs read 鈥淵ou are welcome here鈥� in multiple languages. Muslim students, many of whom settled around Thornton as refugees from Afghanistan, often greet Padilla-Chavez, who speaks Spanish, with 鈥溌緾贸mo est谩s?鈥� Students from Venezuela and Colombia, meanwhile, have learned about fasting for Ramadan.鈥淢any of them have left so much of their family behind,鈥� Padilla-Chavez said. 鈥淪o we鈥檝e cultivated a really beautiful community where they鈥檝e become each other鈥檚 family.鈥�

In Colorado, that community is growing larger.

Over the last school year, districts across the state enrolled thousands of children who were new to the United States鈥攎ost of them from Central and South America. By April, Denver Public Schools alone had .

Silvia Noguer贸n-Liu is an associate professor of literacy studies at CU Boulder. She said that, throughout Colorado, many teachers were already buckling under the strain of overseeing large class sizes and tailoring their instruction to students with different needs. Now, in her own recent visits to classrooms, she noticed that teachers were managing even more concerns.

鈥淲e got a lot of new arrivals in the winter when the school year had already begun,鈥� she said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 really cold. They need winter clothing. They need to learn how to handle snow, how the school system works, what happens every day.鈥�

Noguer贸n-Liu spearheads a group of faculty members and students from the School of Education who are helping local educators meet the needs of these newcomers. They鈥檙e developing educational resources to assist teachers in communicating with students who are learning English. At the same time, Noguer贸n-Liu acknowledges that teachers need more support as they contend with a multitude of challenges鈥攕uch as how to take care of their own mental health while working with youth who have experienced trauma.听

With the next school year a few months away, she and her colleagues urge teachers to see newcomer students as an opportunity to improve public education in Colorado for all students.听

鈥淭his is our opportunity to do right by young people by treating them humanely and providing them with school environments that are sanctuaries,鈥� Padilla-Chavez said.

Electric spaces

Tania Hogan, executive director of the BUENO Center for Multicultural Education at CU Boulder, sees herself in the newcomer students. She was 5 years old when her family moved from Acapulco, Mexico, to the suburbs of Philadelphia.

Hogan was a painfully shy child, and at school she tried everything she could to hide the fact that she couldn鈥檛 speak English: She rarely talked in class and learned how to mimic what other kids were doing.

It wasn鈥檛 until fourth grade that one of Hogan鈥檚 teachers, Mr. Phillips, took an interest in her. He encouraged her to read and wrote her motivating letters, which he continued to do even after Hogan鈥檚 family moved out of state.听

鈥淚 learned to read in his class and became obsessed with reading,鈥� Hogan said. 鈥淚 could not put books down after that.鈥�

She wants teachers in Colorado to know that, like her as a child, newcomer students bring a lot of strengths and knowledge with them.

鈥淭hey have so many assets already present,鈥� Hogan said. 鈥淧eople often assume newcomer students are coming in as blank slates, but that鈥檚 not true. As educators, it鈥檚 our job to figure out their hidden talents and build on them.鈥�

Padilla-Chavez said that one of her students is a master fisherman, and others are experts at trading goods in a crowded market.

鈥淭he desire to learn within the newcomer center is electric,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hey have knowledge systems and experiences beyond what the U.S. school system can imagine or even measure.鈥�

Deena Gumina, an assistant teaching professor in the School of Education, is careful to emphasize that newcomer students often get pulled into political debates about immigration. But in its , the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that all children, regardless of their immigration status, have a right to a public education. She added that universities like CU Boulder can help schools answer that challenge by recruiting and preparing more bilingual teachers.

鈥淚t has always been our job as educators to work with the students who show up in our school spaces,鈥� Gumina said.

Migration stories

In early January 2024, as Noguer贸n-Liu was in the middle of her own winter break, she started noticing new arrivals in the schools she was visiting. She heard the same thing from a few teacher candidates studying at CU Boulder. In their junior and senior years, these students work in K-12 classrooms under the guidance of coaches from the university and professional educators.

Noguer贸n-Liu dashed off emails to colleagues at CU Boulder, and, within a few days, they had formed an informal team with a timely goal鈥攖o help teachers keep pace with the changes in their classrooms.

鈥淲e came back from vacation and a group of us who work in elementary education got together to discuss how we can support our student teachers,鈥� Noguer贸n-Liu said.

She noted that there a few strategies that teachers, even ones who are not bilingual, can implement in their classrooms almost immediately. Noguer贸n-Liu and her colleagues have developed guides, for example, to lay out sounds that are similar and different in English and Spanish鈥攚ords with a 鈥渢h鈥� sound, as in 鈥渢his鈥� or 鈥渢hin,鈥� can be tricky.

Other needs run much deeper. Hogan said that the BUENO Center is collaborating with Denver Public Schools to develop a curriculum for newcomer students鈥攁 comprehensive guide to help young people transition to the U.S. educational system.

She also leads a team that recently received a New Frontiers planning phase grant from the CU Boulder Research and Innovation Office. Over the next year, the researchers will meet with families new to the United States, inviting them to share their expertise and stories of migration and survival. The team will then use artificial intelligence tools to transform that knowledge into culturally sustaining, STEM-focused learning models that teachers can use in their classroom. Hogan hopes these resources will help educators foster deeper connections with newcomer students and enhance engagement.听

鈥淚t鈥檚 about building on the knowledge that newcomer families bring with them, their community cultural wealth,鈥� Hogan said. 鈥淲e鈥檙e hoping that telling these stories might be a healing process for newcomers, as well.鈥�

Coping with trauma

Vanessa Santiago Schwarz, an assistant teaching professor in the School of Education, has seen first-hand the joy that newcomer students can add to a community. Her daughters, who are in first and second grades, attend a bilingual elementary school in Denver. She said that one day, their school went on a lockdown, which luckily turned out to be a false alarm. During those scary hours, an older girl whose family had arrived in the United States that winter from Venezuela comforted Santiago Schwarz鈥檚 youngest daughter.

鈥淪he was just there with my daughter, holding her and comforting her, even though she didn鈥檛 know what was going on,鈥� said Santiago Schwarz, who coaches CU Boulder students during their teaching experiences.听

At the same time, she said that many new arrivals have experienced incredible hardships, both in their home countries and during their journeys north. That trauma can 鈥渟pill over鈥� onto teachers who care deeply about their students鈥攁nd often feel helpless as children contend with huge, systemic problems like homelessness, hunger and more. Teachers and students alike need more resources for their mental health, Santiago Schwarz said.听

Gumina, who also coaches undergraduate teaching students, agrees. She and Santiago Schwarz often counsel students to take care of themselves and remind them that teachers can鈥檛 solve every problem in the world.

鈥淭here鈥檚 often this expectation of martyrdom from teachers, that saying 鈥榥o鈥� or setting boundaries is saying 鈥榥o鈥� to the children,鈥� Gumina said. 鈥淚 tell my teacher candidates that if you can鈥檛 take care of yourself, you can鈥檛 show up for your students. If you have eight days of PTO for the year, you should take them.鈥�

Hogan added that her own experiences show the difference a single, compassionate teacher can make in a child鈥檚 life. When she became a schoolteacher at a bilingual school in Denver in 2000, she remembered how Mr. Phillips connected to her through writing letters. She started writing letters to her own students, and they wrote back, sometimes about big things and other times about everyday things, like the famed Portuguese soccer player Cristiano Ronaldo.

鈥淚 wanted to be that person for all of my kids because he was so inspirational for me,鈥� Hogan said.